考点:人称代词
全称:人称代词的各种形式
关键词:主格
、宾格
、物主代词
、形容词性物主代词
、名词性物主代词
、反身代词
人称代词,即表示“我、你、他”的词。
一共有五种形式,分别是:
- 主格
- 宾格
- 形容词性物主代词(简称形物代)
- 名词性物主代词(简称名物代)
- 反身代词
所有人称涉及的形式及功能如下表格,请务必熟练默写!
形式 💡
主格 | 宾格 | 形物代 | 名物代 | 反身代词 |
---|
I | me | my | mine | myself |
you | you | your | yours | yourself / yourselves |
he | him | his | his | himself |
she | her | her | hers | herself |
it | it | its | its | itself |
we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
功能 ⚙️
名称 | 功能 | 示例及翻译 |
---|
主格 | 作主语,一般在句子开头 | I have a dog. 我有一只狗。 |
宾格 | 作宾语,一般在动词或介词后面 | Someone saw me. 有人看见我了。 |
形物代 | 作限定词,一般后接名词 | my book 我的书 |
名物代 | 作代词,某人的东西 | This book is mine. 这本书是我的。 |
反身代词 | 作代词,某人自己 | I can teach myself. 我可以教自己。 |
形式(翻译)
主格 | 宾格 | 形物代 | 名物代 | 反身代词 |
---|
I 我 | me 我 | my 我的 | mine 我的 | myself 我自己 |
you 你 | you 你 | your 你的 | yours 你的 | yourself/yourselves 你(们)自己 |
he 他 | him 他 | his 他的 | his 他的 | himself 他自己 |
she 她 | her 她 | her 她的 | hers 她的 | herself 她自己 |
it 它 | it 它 | its 它的 | its 它的 | itself 它自己 |
we 我们 | us 我们 | our 我们的 | ours 我们的 | ourselves 我们自己 |
they 他们 | them 他们 | their 他们的 | theirs 他们的 | themselves 他们自己 |
如果 A B C 分别是以上表格中的任意三个词,则说明考点为人称代词的各种形式
。
在英语中,人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式:
- 主格用在主语,一般在句子的开头
- 宾格用在宾语,一般在动词或介词的后面
例题
- We (我们) all love her(她).
- Can you(你)help me(我) buy a gift for him(他)?
- The cat is very cute. I(我)like it(它)。
- These pens are yellow. I put them(他们) on the desk.
- Please listen to me(我). You(你们)must be careful.
- The teacher teaches us(我们) English。
- These apples are red. They(他们)are delicious.
- She(她)is my aunt. We often visit her(她).
- Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to her(她)?
显示答案
- We all love her.
- Can you help me buy a gift for him?
- The cat is very cute. I like it。
- These pens are yellow. I put them on the desk.
- Please listen to me. You must be careful.
- The teacher teaches us English。
- These apples are red. They are delicious.
- She is my aunt. We often visit her.
- Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to her?
tip: 蓝色为答案,橙色为动词或介词(意味着后面是宾语,用宾格)
物主代词分为两种:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。两者都表示“...的”。
- 形容词性物主代词是限定词,用来限定名词,构成名词短语,因此后面常常接着一个名词
- 名词性物主代词是代词,用来代指“...的东西”,相当于“形物代+名词”,因此后面一般不接名词。
例如:
- This is my book. 这是我的书。
- This book is mine. 这本书是我的(书)。(mine = my book)
例题
- His(他的) teacher is good.
- These books are mine (我的), and those are yours (你的).
- This is my (我的) book. That is his(他的)
- His (他的) chair is blue. Ours ( 我们的) is yellow.
- Our (我们的) classroom is big. Theirs (他们的) is small.
- His (他的) teacher is good. Hers (她的) is good too.
显示答案
- His teacher is good.
- These books are mine , and those are yours .
- This is my book. That is his
- His chair is blue. Ours is yellow.
- Our classroom is big. Theirs is small.
- His teacher is good. Hers is good too.
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词,它由第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的形容词性物主代词加上后缀“-self”(单数)或“-selves”(复数)构成。
- 第一人称:myself(我自己)、ourselves(我们自己)
- 第二人称:yourself(你自己)、yourselves(你们自己)
- 第三人称:himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)、themselves(他们/她们/它们自己)
反身代词的三大用法:
用作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是主语本身。(主语和宾语一致)
- I teach myself English. 我教我自己英语。(我自学英语)
用作同位语,表示强调。(亲自、自己一个人、自己)
- She herself will go to the party. 她自己将去参加派对。
构成短语搭配。(常用 oneself 在搭配中表示反身代词)
- by oneself 独自
- enjoy oneself 玩得开心
1. enjoy oneself (玩得开心)
2. help oneself to... (随便吃/用......)
3. teach oneself (自学)
4. by oneself (独自)
5. for oneself (为自己)
6. dress oneself (自己穿衣服)
7. look after oneself (照顾自己)
8. come to oneself (苏醒)
9. hurt oneself (受伤)
10. say to oneself (自言自语)
例题
- I taught myself how to play the guitar. (我自学了如何弹吉他。)
- You should take care of yourself. (你应该照顾好你自己。)
- She hurt herself when she fell off the bike. (她从自行车上摔下来伤到了自己。)
- We enjoyed ourselves at the party. (我们在聚会上玩得很开心。)
- He can do the work by himself. (他可以自己完成这项工作。)
- They made the model plane themselves. (他们自己制作了这个飞机模型。)
- The boy looked at himself in the mirror. (这个男孩在镜子里看着自己。)
- Help yourselves to some fruit, children. (孩子们,随便吃些水果。)
显示答案
- I taught myself how to play the guitar. (我自学了如何弹吉他。)
- You should take care of yourself. (你应该照顾好你自己。)
- She hurt herself when she fell off the bike. (她从自行车上摔下来伤到了自己。)
- We enjoyed ourselves at the party. (我们在聚会上玩得很开心。)
- He can do the work by himself. (他可以自己完成这项工作。)
- They made the model plane themselves. (他们自己制作了这个飞机模型。)
- The boy looked at himself in the mirror. (这个男孩在镜子里看着自己。)
- Help yourselves to some fruit, children. (孩子们,随便吃些水果。)
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We must clean up ________ classroom before going home.