语法选择

约 2537 字大约 8 分钟

2026-07-15

考前快速背诵版见语法选择简约笔记。

名词的单复数和所有格

特征：一单、一复、一个有 's
思路：
1. 先看要不要 's（后面有没有名词）
2. 再看用单数还是复数

注意：

My ___ blue car is beautiful. A. friend　B. friends　C. friend's

先看 's，不能因为前有 my 直接选 A/B
形容词前也很可能用 's（限+形+名）

Let's plant an ___ tree! A. apple　B. apples　C. apple's

有些"名+名"的名词短语，不能用 's

（表所有关系）apple's tree 苹果的树（×）
（表性质分类）apple tree 苹果树（√）

every/each + 单数名词

时态和语态

解题思路：

先判断时态（标志词）
再判断主被动（主语 vs 动词的关系）
找到符合的选项

详见时态和语态详解。

非谓语动词

语法选择中的非谓语考点：

位置	判断方式	例子
介词后	介词 + doing	thank you for coming
动词后	固定搭配	enjoy doing, want to do
表目的	to do	I came here to help you.
使役动词后	省略 to	make sb. do, let sb. do
感官动词后	do/doing	see sb. do/doing

详见非谓语详解。

人称代词

主格	宾格	形物代	名物代	反身代词
I	me	my	mine	myself
you	you	your	yours	yourself
he	him	his	his	himself
she	her	her	hers	herself
it	it	its	its	itself
we	us	our	ours	ourselves
they	them	their	theirs	themselves

考点：

主格作主语：I love you.
宾格作宾语/表语：I love you.
形物代 + 名词：This is my book.
名物代单独用：This book is mine.
反身代词：I did it myself.

冠词

冠词	用法	例
a	辅音音素开头的可数名词单数	a book, a university
an	元音音素开头的可数名词单数	an apple, an hour
the	特指 / 独一无二 / 上文提过	the sun, the book I bought

用冠词的情况

情况	例
特指某人/物	the book on the desk
上文提到过	I saw a dog. The dog was big.
独一无二	the sun, the moon, the earth
最高级前	the best, the most beautiful
序数词前	the first, the second
乐器前	play the piano, play the guitar

零冠词（不用冠词）

情况	例
复数表泛指	Books are important.
不可数名词表泛指	Water is necessary.
三餐	have breakfast, have lunch
球类/棋类	play basketball, play chess
人名/地名/月份/星期	Tom, China, May, Monday
固定搭配	by bus, at school, go to bed

连词

语法选择中的连词考点：

连词	逻辑关系	含义
and	并列/顺承	和；而且
but	转折	但是
or	选择/否则	或者；否则
so	因果	所以
because	因果	因为
although/though	让步	虽然
if	条件	如果
unless	条件	除非
when	时间	当……时
while	时间/对比	当……时；然而

连词搭配：

both...and（两者都）
not only...but also（不仅……而且）
neither...nor（既不……也不）
either...or（要么……要么）
so...that（如此……以至于）

情态动词

语法选择中的情态动词考点：

情态动词 + 动词原形（can do, must go, should be）
否定：can't, mustn't, needn't, shouldn't
疑问：Can I...? Must I...? Should I...?

详见情态动词详解。

介词

语法选择中的介词考点：

时间介词：in / on / at / since / for
地点介词：in / on / at / under / behind
方式介词：by / with / in
固定搭配：be good at, be interested in, pay attention to

详见介词短语详解。

词性判断

从位置判断词性：

位置	词性
主语位置	名词/代词
谓语位置	动词
宾语位置	名词/代词
定语位置（名词前）	形容词/限定词
状语位置	副词/介词短语
表语位置（be 后）	名词/形容词

解题技巧：

看空前后
判断需要什么词性
排除不符合的选项

比较等级

级别	标志词	结构
原级	as...as, not so/as...as	as + adj. + as
比较级	than, much/even/far + 比较级	adj.-er / more adj. + than
最高级	of/in, the	the adj.-est / the most adj.

不规则比较

原级	比较级	最高级
good/well	better	best
bad/badly	worse	worst
many/much	more	most
little	less	least
far	farther/further	farthest/furthest
old	older/elder	oldest/eldest

其他考点

数词

类型	例
基数词	one, two, three, hundred, thousand
序数词	first, second, third, fourth
分数	one third, two fifths
用法	hundreds of（成百上千）, the fifth lesson

疑问词

疑问词	含义	疑问词	含义
what	什么	which	哪个
who	谁	whom	谁（宾格）
whose	谁的	when	什么时候
where	哪里	why	为什么
how	怎样	how many	多少（可数）
how much	多少（不可数/价格）	how long	多长/多久
how often	多频繁	how soon	多久以后

综合练习

时态

Finally, the first day of dog walking _____.
- A. arrives B. arrived C. has arrived
B — 叙事用一般过去时，不要被 Finally 误导选完成时。
Oh, you are growing so fast! Soon you _____ taller than your dad.
- A. are B. were C. will be
C — Soon 是将来时标志词。
Over the years, she _____ workshops on creative writing.
- A. will hold B. held C. has held
C — Over the years 是现在完成时标志词。
My father _____ to Beijing three times.
- A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
A — "去过三次（已回）"用 has been to。
However, it became more fun than we thought after we _____ for a while.
- A. practise B. practised C. have practised
B — 叙事上下文一致，用一般过去时。

语态

It _____ widely in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau and so on.
- A. is used B. is using C. was used
A — "被广泛使用"，一般现在时被动。was used 时态不对。
However, as soon as the leashes _____ by them, the three dogs ran away quickly.
- A. dropped B. were dropping C. were dropped
C — by them 是被动死信号，牵绳"被放下"，过去时被动。
Holding hands or kissing _____ in some public places.
- A. don't allow B. are not allowed C. are not allowing
B — "不被允许"，被动语态。

连词

Mrs. Goldstein would be out of town for several days, _____ she needed someone to walk her three dogs.
- A. if B. so C. since
B — 前因（出城）→ 后果（需要遛狗），用 so。
He didn't fail; _____, he learned 1,000 things.
- A. but B. because C. so
A — "没有失败，而是学到了"，转折用 but。
Many people like to sing along with the songs _____.
- A. exciting B. excited C. excitedly
C — 修饰 sing along 用副词 excitedly。
_____ she grows taller, Gu meets new challenges in controlling her body.
- A. As B. Until C. Before
A — "随着她长高"，用 As 表伴随。
Nezha's story proves that anyone can be a hero _____ they choose to do the right thing.
- A. unless B. because C. if D. although
C — "如果他们选择做正确的事"，条件用 if。

从句引导词

Instead of making things easier, though, they started arguing about _____ should do what.
- A. who B. whom C. whose
A — 从句缺主语（谁做什么），用 who。
He described _____ he built tree houses and flew kites.
- A. what B. who C. how
C — "描述他如何建树屋"，方式用 how。

非谓语

He walked up from behind _____ the leashes.
- A. take B. taking C. to take
C — "走上来为了拿牵绳"，目的状语用 to take。
_____ communication easier and faster, engineers have designed a kind of smart watches.
- A. Make B. Making C. To make
C — "为了……"，目的状语用 To make。
The nine tones make Cantonese _____ more musical and lively.
- A. sound B. sounds C. sounded
A — make + sb + do，用动词原形 sound。

介词

She fell in love _____ the Chinese style dress.
- A. for B. with C. about
B — fall in love with 固定搭配。
It sells products _____ heart-warming messages on them.
- A. by B. for C. with
C — "带着暖心信息的商品"，with 表伴随。

代词

Then, they had _____ fruit and drinks.
- A. some B. any C. many
A — 肯定句中"一些"用 some；fruit 不可数，不用 many。
They found it amazing as _____ of them had any special math talents.
- A. none B. either C. neither
C — 两人中"没有一个"有天赋 → neither（两者都不）。
One was red and _____ was blue.
- A. other B. others C. the other
C — 两者中"另一个"用 the other。

名词 / 所有格

This is _____ bedroom. They live here together.
- A. Lily and Lucy's B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily and Lucys'
A — 两人共有只加最后一个 's。
It was one of the most exciting _____ in my childhood.
- A. toy B. toys C. toy's
B — one of + 可数名词复数。
The _____ of the singer made the fans excited.
- A. arrived B. arrival C. arrive
B — 主语位置需要名词 arrival。

主谓一致

The police _____ searching for the lost boy.
- A. is B. are C. was
B — police 集体名词，谓语用复数 are。

冠词

_____ Greens are having _____ breakfast now.
- A. The; / B. /; the C. The; a
A — The + 姓氏复数 表一家人；三餐前不加冠词。
One of the children is Mike, _____ 8-year-old boy.
- A. a B. an C. the
B — 8-year-old 以元音音素开头，用 an。
To learn how to deal with money is _____ useful life skill.
- A. a B. an C. the
A — useful 以辅音音素开头，用 a。

感叹句

_____ cute dog it is!
- A. What B. What a C. How
B — What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数。
_____ cute it is!
- A. What B. What a C. How
C — How + 形容词，没有名词用 How。

疑问词

_____ is the girl wearing a scarf? Is she your sister?
- A. Who B. Which C. What
A — 问"是谁"用 Who。

比较 / 程度

He is _____ enough to solve the problem by himself.
- A. good B. better C. the best
A — enough + 原级，无比较对象。
What's even _____ is that it could make beautiful paper cuttings.
- A. amazing B. more amazing C. most amazing
B — even 修饰比较级，暗含"比……更"。
This year's Asian Winter Games is the _____ ever.
- A. longest B. happiest C. fastest D. biggest
D — 语境：亚冬运会规模，biggest 最贴切。
Mike realized skin cancer treatments were too _____ for most people.
- A. expensive B. more expensive C. most expensive
A — too + 原级，无比较对象。

词汇选择

They received a _____ welcome there.
- A. noisy B. strict C. warm D. cheap
C — warm welcome 热烈欢迎，固定搭配。
With hard work, it is possible to _____ everything.
- A. describe B. change C. protect D. refuse
B — "改变一切"，根据语境选择。
Making _____ turns on an icy road is dangerous.
- A. sudden B. quick C. slow D. interesting
A — "突然转向"最合理。
After an _____ match, he beat China's Ding Liren in the world chess championship final.
- A. excited B. exciting C. excitement
B — 修饰比赛，用 exciting（令人兴奋的）。