动词短语
约 448 字大约 1 分钟
2026-07-14
什么是动词短语
动词短语（Verb Phrase）是以动词为核心构成的短语。
分为两类：
- 谓语动词短语：在句中作谓语
- 非谓语动词短语：不能作谓语，充当其他成分
谓语动词短语
谓语动词 = 助动词 + 主动词
助动词帮助构成时态、语态、否定、疑问：
| 助动词 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| be | 进行时、被动语态 |
| have | 完成时 |
| do | 否定、疑问、强调 |
| will | 将来时 |
否定也是由助动词完成：
- I don't like it.
- He didn't go.
时态和语态的详细内容见 [11. 时态和语态](11. 时态和语态.md)。
非谓语动词短语
动词的非谓语形式，不能作谓语，可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
三种形式：to do / doing / done
不定式 to do
| 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 作主语 | To learn English is important. |
| 作宾语 | I want to go home. |
| 作定语 | I have something to say. |
| 作目的状语 | I came here to see you. |
| 作宾补 | He asked me to help him. |
动名词 doing
| 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 作主语 | Swimming is good for health. |
| 作宾语 | I enjoy reading books. |
| 作介词宾语 | Thank you for helping me. |
常接 doing 的动词：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, avoid, consider, keep
过去分词
| 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 作定语 | a broken window |
| 作表语 | I'm interested in it. |
| 作宾补 | I had my hair cut. |
易混考点
| 结构 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| want to do | 想要做 |
| enjoy doing | 喜欢做 |
| stop to do | 停下来去做另一件事 |
| stop doing | 停止正在做的事 |
| forget to do | 忘记要去做 |
| forget doing | 忘记做过 |
| remember to do | 记得要去做 |
| remember doing | 记得做过 |
| make / let / have + sb + do | 让某人做（省 to） |
| get + sb + to do | 让某人做（不省 to） |