语法选择
约 2523 字大约 8 分钟
2026-07-15
考前快速背诵版见 语法选择简约笔记。
名词的单复数和所有格
- 特征：一单、一复、一个有 's
- 思路：
- 先看要不要 's（后面有没有名词）
- 再看用单数还是复数
注意：
My ___ blue car is beautiful. A. friend B. friends C. friend's
- 先看 's，不能因为前有 my 直接选 A/B
- 形容词前也很可能用 's（限+形+名）
Let's plant an ___ tree! A. apple B. apples C. apple's
有些"名+名"的名词短语，不能用 's
- （表所有关系）apple's tree 苹果的树（×）
- （表性质分类）apple tree 苹果树（√）
every/each + 单数名词
时态和语态
解题思路：
- 先判断时态（标志词）
- 再判断主被动（主语 vs 动词的关系）
- 找到符合的选项
详见 时态和语态详解。
非谓语动词
语法选择中的非谓语考点：
| 位置 | 判断方式 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 介词后 | 介词 + doing | thank you for coming |
| 动词后 | 固定搭配 | enjoy doing, want to do |
| 表目的 | to do | I came here to help you. |
| 使役动词后 | 省略 to | make sb. do, let sb. do |
| 感官动词后 | do/doing | see sb. do/doing |
详见 非谓语详解。
人称代词
| 主格 | 宾格 | 形物代 | 名物代 | 反身代词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine | myself |
| you | you | your | yours | yourself |
| he | him | his | his | himself |
| she | her | her | hers | herself |
| it | it | its | its | itself |
| we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
| they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
考点：
- 主格作主语：I love you.
- 宾格作宾语/表语：I love you.
- 形物代 + 名词：This is my book.
- 名物代单独用：This book is mine.
- 反身代词：I did it myself.
冠词
| 冠词 | 用法 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| a | 辅音音素开头的可数名词单数 | a book, a university |
| an | 元音音素开头的可数名词单数 | an apple, an hour |
| the | 特指 / 独一无二 / 上文提过 | the sun, the book I bought |
用冠词的情况
| 情况 | 例 |
|---|---|
| 特指某人/物 | the book on the desk |
| 上文提到过 | I saw a dog. The dog was big. |
| 独一无二 | the sun, the moon, the earth |
| 最高级前 | the best, the most beautiful |
| 序数词前 | the first, the second |
| 乐器前 | play the piano, play the guitar |
零冠词（不用冠词）
| 情况 | 例 |
|---|---|
| 复数表泛指 | Books are important. |
| 不可数名词表泛指 | Water is necessary. |
| 三餐 | have breakfast, have lunch |
| 球类/棋类 | play basketball, play chess |
| 人名/地名/月份/星期 | Tom, China, May, Monday |
| 固定搭配 | by bus, at school, go to bed |
连词
语法选择中的连词考点：
| 连词 | 逻辑关系 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| and | 并列/顺承 | 和；而且 |
| but | 转折 | 但是 |
| or | 选择/否则 | 或者；否则 |
| so | 因果 | 所以 |
| because | 因果 | 因为 |
| although/though | 让步 | 虽然 |
| if | 条件 | 如果 |
| unless | 条件 | 除非 |
| when | 时间 | 当……时 |
| while | 时间/对比 | 当……时；然而 |
连词搭配：
- both...and（两者都）
- not only...but also（不仅……而且）
- neither...nor（既不……也不）
- either...or（要么……要么）
- so...that（如此……以至于）
情态动词
语法选择中的情态动词考点：
- 情态动词 + 动词原形（can do, must go, should be）
- 否定：can't, mustn't, needn't, shouldn't
- 疑问：Can I...? Must I...? Should I...?
详见 情态动词详解。
介词
语法选择中的介词考点：
- 时间介词：in / on / at / since / for
- 地点介词：in / on / at / under / behind
- 方式介词：by / with / in
- 固定搭配：be good at, be interested in, pay attention to
详见 介词短语详解。
词性判断
从位置判断词性：
| 位置 | 词性 |
|---|---|
| 主语位置 | 名词/代词 |
| 谓语位置 | 动词 |
| 宾语位置 | 名词/代词 |
| 定语位置（名词前） | 形容词/限定词 |
| 状语位置 | 副词/介词短语 |
| 表语位置（be 后） | 名词/形容词 |
解题技巧：
- 看空前后
- 判断需要什么词性
- 排除不符合的选项
比较等级
| 级别 | 标志词 | 结构 |
|---|---|---|
| 原级 | as...as, not so/as...as | as + adj. + as |
| 比较级 | than, much/even/far + 比较级 | adj.-er / more adj. + than |
| 最高级 | of/in, the | the adj.-est / the most adj. |
不规则比较
| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| good/well | better | best |
| bad/badly | worse | worst |
| many/much | more | most |
| little | less | least |
| far | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
| old | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
其他考点
数词
| 类型 | 例 |
|---|---|
| 基数词 | one, two, three, hundred, thousand |
| 序数词 | first, second, third, fourth |
| 分数 | one third, two fifths |
| 用法 | hundreds of（成百上千）, the fifth lesson |
疑问词
| 疑问词 | 含义 | 疑问词 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| what | 什么 | which | 哪个 |
| who | 谁 | whom | 谁（宾格） |
| whose | 谁的 | when | 什么时候 |
| where | 哪里 | why | 为什么 |
| how | 怎样 | how many | 多少（可数） |
| how much | 多少（不可数/价格） | how long | 多长/多久 |
| how often | 多频繁 | how soon | 多久以后 |
综合练习
时态
Finally, the first day of dog walking _____.
- A. arrives B. arrived C. has arrived
B — 叙事用一般过去时，不要被
Finally误导选完成时。Oh, you are growing so fast! Soon you _____ taller than your dad.
- A. are B. were C. will be
C —
Soon是将来时标志词。Over the years, she _____ workshops on creative writing.
- A. will hold B. held C. has held
C —
Over the years是现在完成时标志词。My father _____ to Beijing three times.
- A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
A — "去过三次（已回）"用
has been to。However, it became more fun than we thought after we _____ for a while.
- A. practise B. practised C. have practised
B — 叙事上下文一致，用一般过去时。
语态
It _____ widely in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau and so on.
- A. is used B. is using C. was used
A — "被广泛使用"，一般现在时被动。
was used时态不对。However, as soon as the leashes _____ by them, the three dogs ran away quickly.
- A. dropped B. were dropping C. were dropped
C —
by them是被动死信号，牵绳"被放下"，过去时被动。Holding hands or kissing _____ in some public places.
- A. don't allow B. are not allowed C. are not allowing
B — "不被允许"，被动语态。
连词
Mrs. Goldstein would be out of town for several days, _____ she needed someone to walk her three dogs.
- A. if B. so C. since
B — 前因（出城）→ 后果（需要遛狗），用
so。He didn't fail; _____, he learned 1,000 things.
- A. but B. because C. so
A — "没有失败，而是学到了"，转折用
but。Many people like to sing along with the songs _____.
- A. exciting B. excited C. excitedly
C — 修饰
sing along用副词excitedly。_____ she grows taller, Gu meets new challenges in controlling her body.
- A. As B. Until C. Before
A — "随着她长高"，用
As表伴随。Nezha's story proves that anyone can be a hero _____ they choose to do the right thing.
- A. unless B. because C. if D. although
C — "如果他们选择做正确的事"，条件用
if。
从句引导词
Instead of making things easier, though, they started arguing about _____ should do what.
- A. who B. whom C. whose
A — 从句缺主语（谁做什么），用
who。He described _____ he built tree houses and flew kites.
- A. what B. who C. how
C — "描述他如何建树屋"，方式用
how。
非谓语
He walked up from behind _____ the leashes.
- A. take B. taking C. to take
C — "走上来为了拿牵绳"，目的状语用
to take。_____ communication easier and faster, engineers have designed a kind of smart watches.
- A. Make B. Making C. To make
C — "为了……"，目的状语用
To make。The nine tones make Cantonese _____ more musical and lively.
- A. sound B. sounds C. sounded
A —
make + sb + do，用动词原形sound。
介词
She fell in love _____ the Chinese style dress.
- A. for B. with C. about
B —
fall in love with固定搭配。It sells products _____ heart-warming messages on them.
- A. by B. for C. with
C — "带着暖心信息的商品"，
with表伴随。
代词
Then, they had _____ fruit and drinks.
- A. some B. any C. many
A — 肯定句中"一些"用
some；fruit不可数，不用many。They found it amazing as _____ of them had any special math talents.
- A. none B. either C. neither
C — 两人中"没有一个"有天赋 →
neither（两者都不）。One was red and _____ was blue.
- A. other B. others C. the other
C — 两者中"另一个"用
the other。
名词 / 所有格
This is _____ bedroom. They live here together.
- A. Lily and Lucy's B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily and Lucys'
A — 两人共有只加最后一个
's。It was one of the most exciting _____ in my childhood.
- A. toy B. toys C. toy's
B —
one of + 可数名词复数。The _____ of the singer made the fans excited.
- A. arrived B. arrival C. arrive
B — 主语位置需要名词
arrival。
主谓一致
- The police _____ searching for the lost boy.
- A. is B. are C. was
B —
police集体名词，谓语用复数are。
冠词
_____ Greens are having _____ breakfast now.
- A. The; / B. /; the C. The; a
A —
The + 姓氏复数表一家人；三餐前不加冠词。One of the children is Mike, _____ 8-year-old boy.
- A. a B. an C. the
B —
8-year-old以元音音素开头，用an。To learn how to deal with money is _____ useful life skill.
- A. a B. an C. the
A —
useful以辅音音素开头，用a。
感叹句
_____ cute dog it is!
- A. What B. What a C. How
B —
What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数。_____ cute it is!
- A. What B. What a C. How
C —
How + 形容词，没有名词用How。
疑问词
- _____ is the girl wearing a scarf? Is she your sister?
- A. Who B. Which C. What
A — 问"是谁"用
Who。
比较 / 程度
He is _____ enough to solve the problem by himself.
- A. good B. better C. the best
A —
enough + 原级，无比较对象。What's even _____ is that it could make beautiful paper cuttings.
- A. amazing B. more amazing C. most amazing
B —
even修饰比较级，暗含"比……更"。This year's Asian Winter Games is the _____ ever.
- A. longest B. happiest C. fastest D. biggest
D — 语境：亚冬运会规模，
biggest最贴切。Mike realized skin cancer treatments were too _____ for most people.
- A. expensive B. more expensive C. most expensive
A —
too + 原级，无比较对象。
词汇选择
They received a _____ welcome there.
- A. noisy B. strict C. warm D. cheap
C —
warm welcome热烈欢迎，固定搭配。With hard work, it is possible to _____ everything.
- A. describe B. change C. protect D. refuse
B — "改变一切"，根据语境选择。
Making _____ turns on an icy road is dangerous.
- A. sudden B. quick C. slow D. interesting
A — "突然转向"最合理。
After an _____ match, he beat China's Ding Liren in the world chess championship final.
- A. excited B. exciting C. excitement
B — 修饰比赛，用
exciting（令人兴奋的）。