名词修饰语
约 635 字大约 2 分钟
2026-07-14
总览
名词短语的核心是名词，修饰语（定语）放在名词前后对其进行限定或描述。
| 位置 | 类型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 前置 | 限定词 | a tree |
| 前置 | 形容词 | a big tree |
| 前置 | 名词 | an apple tree |
| 后置 | 介词短语 | a tree in the garden |
| 后置 | 非谓语 | a tree growing in the forest |
| 后置 | 定语从句 | a tree that I can climb |
可数名词一般不单独以单数形式出现，前面要加限定词或用复数。除非是不可数名词或固定搭配。
前置修饰语 | 前置定语
限定词
限定词放在名词前，限定名词的数量、归属、泛指、特指等。
- 冠词：a, an, the
- 指示限定词：this, that, these, those
- 形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, their
- 名词所有格：Mike's, three hours'
- 不定限定词：some, any, other, another, few, little, many, much, a lot of, lots of
- 量词短语：a set of, 3 pairs of
- 基数词：one, two, one hundred
- 序数词：the first, the fifth
- 疑问限定词：what, whose, which
形容词
位置
- 名词前作定语：a beautiful girl
- 系动词后作表语：She is beautiful.
-ed / -ing 形容词辨析
| 形式 | 含义 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| -ed | 人的感受（感到……） | excited, interested, bored, surprised |
| -ing | 事物特征（令人……） | exciting, interesting, boring, surprising |
比较等级
| 级别 | 构成 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 原级 | as + adj. + as | She is as tall as me. |
| 比较级 | adj.-er / more adj. | She is taller than me. |
| 最高级 | the adj.-est / the most adj. | She is the tallest in our class. |
名词作定语
名词直接放在另一个名词前，起分类作用：
- an apple tree
- a school bus
- a coffee cup
后置修饰语 | 后置定语
介词短语作定语
介词短语放在名词后作定语：
- the book on the desk
- a girl in red
- the way to school
- a teacher from China
非谓语作定语
非谓语动词放在名词后作定语：
- 现在分词（主动/进行）：the boy standing there
- 过去分词（被动/完成）：the book written by him
- 不定式（目的/将来）：something to eat
单个分词作定语通常放在名词前（a broken window），分词短语放在名词后（a window broken by the boy）。
定语从句
定语从句是用整个句子作定语，放在名词后修饰名词。被修饰的名词叫先行词。
- The boy who is standing there is my brother.
- The book that I read is interesting.
引导词的选择、省略规则等详见 [6. 定语从句](6. 定语从句.md)。